Security and Cryptographic Architecture

This is one of the most scientifically rigorous parts of the system.

Symmetric Encryption

AES-256-GCM is applied at the field level for sensitive data.

Homomorphic Encryption (Paillier)

Chosen for its:

• Additive homomorphism
• Maturity
• Interoperability
• Efficient key sizes

Used for:

• Privacy-preserving analytics
• Summations
• Aggregations

Differential Privacy

Noise is added to aggregated outputs using ε-bounded parameters. This prevents leakage through statistical queries.

Post-Quantum Cryptography

Vektagraf incorporates:

• Kyber for Post-Quantum key exchange
• Dilithium for Post-Quantum signatures

These represent leading NIST PQC standards.

Motivation:

Future-proofing high-value identity and financial systems where data remains sensitive beyond the advent of practical quantum computing.

Cryptographic Provenance

Each object version includes:

• Hash of previous version
• Hash of object state
• Timestamp
• Actor/tenant context

This forms a verifiable chain:

$$ H_n = \text{Hash}(H_{n-1} \parallel \text{ObjectState}_n) $$

This makes tampering detectable and auditable.